Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors and citations Legal and social perspectives on the phenomena of supporter violence in sport

Abstract. This study examines the legal and social perspectives of supporter violence in sports. The study employed a systematic literature review, gathering articles from Google Scholar based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. For example, the search focused on articles published in journals indexed by Scopus databases. In addition, the articles must be published between 2019 and 2024. The keywords used were; "Legal AND Social AND Supporter Violence AND Sport". The search then obtained 61.700 articles. Furthermore, these articles were screened in several stages, yielding 10 articles that met the theme and fulfilled the inclusion requirements. During the article selection, this research followed the PRISMA method. The results revealed that the prevention of supporter violence requires a holistic and integrated approach. Controlling supporters' violent behavior needs not only strict legal frameworks and consistent law enforcement but also organizational culture changes and structural arrangements within sports organizations to instill a culture of anti-violence. Cultural norms and supportive group dynamics also play a role in mitigating violence, showing the need for a community-based approach involving supporters as a part of prevention strategies. This study also found psychological factors such as personality characteristics, empathy, and materialism to be significant factors determining supporters' aggressive behavior. Thus, an effective approach needs to integrate various aspects, including legal, social, psychological, and organizational. Additionally, collaborative governance should be expanded to increase the effectiveness of interventions. In designing comprehensive policies, it is important to integrate perspectives from different disciplines and involve supporters while paying attention to accountability and the deep psychological impact to create a safe environment and significantly reduce supporter violence. Keywords: perspective, law, social, violence, supporter, sport