Synthesis of <scp>rGO</scp>/<scp>CuBi₂O₄</scp> nanocomposite as an effective photocatalyst in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to corresponding amines under visible light

Abstract BACKGROUND Chemical pollutants, such as nitroaromatic compounds, have been a significant challenge in recent decades of human societies as they contribute to environmental pollution and pose serious health risks due to their high toxicity. One promising and green method to address this issue is the photocatalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to their corresponding amino aromatic compounds. In this study, an rGO/CuBi 2 O 4 nanocomposite was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, involving the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and the coupling of CuBi 2 O 4 nanoparticles in its layers. The resulting heterogeneous structure was characterized using various techniques including FTIR, Raman, XPS, XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDAX, UV–Vis DRS, BET, PL spectroscopy, and EIS. Subsequently, the photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposite in reducing nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding aromatic amines under visible light was evaluated. RESULTS The results indicated that graphene oxide was effectively reduced and coupled with CuBi 2 O 4 nanoparticles in the reduced graphene oxide sheets. The rGO/CuBi 2 O 4 heterogeneous nanocomposite successfully reduced nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding aromatic amines under visible light. Hydrazine monohydrate was used to supply the necessary hydrogen for the reaction. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the high photocatalytic activity of the rGO/CuBi 2 O 4 heterogeneous nanocomposite. Our nanocomposite was more effective than others, reported in similar studies, at reducing nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amino aromatic compounds. Additionally, it demonstrated high recycling and reuse properties, as there was no significant change in reaction conversion percentage and nanocomposite amount after 16 reuses. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).