Impact of the Combination of Anamorelin and Rehabilitation on Functional and Nutritional Outcomes in Patients with Cancer Cachexia

Cancer cachexia, characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, leads to functional impairment and poor prognosis. Anamorelin is approved for treating cancer cachexia in Japan; however, the factors influencing its discontinuation and the impact of combining anamorelin with rehabilitation remain unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed 82 patients with cancer cachexia to identify factors associated with anamorelin discontinuation and assess changes in nutritional status and motor function using non-dominant handgrip strength after 12 wk. Patients received outpatient rehabilitation, combining resistance and aerobic training every two weeks, alongside anamorelin therapy. Our findings indicate that patients with an ECOG performance status of 1 or 2 were less likely to continue anamorelin therapy for 12 wk compared to those with a performance status of 0 (odds ratio 2.71; 95% CI 1.05 - 7.00; <i>p</i> = 0.040). Significant improvements were observed in body weight (48.8 to 53.7 kg, <i>p</i> < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (6.4 to 6.9 kg/m², <i>p</i> < 0.001), FAACT score (11.5 to 18.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and non-dominant handgrip strength (20.5 to 21.7 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.018) after 12 wk. Early initiation of anamorelin with regular rehabilitation is recommended to enhance nutritional status and motor function in patients with cancer cachexia.