Sleep Quality and its Associations with Obesity Among Adult Patients Attending Primary Healthcare in Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Poor sleep quality is a worldwide problem with major public health implications, especially when associated with obesity. Understanding this association is crucial in Saudi Arabia, given the high rates of obesity. However, there is no research on sleep quality and obesity among adult patients in Madinah. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between sleep quality and obesity among adult patients attending primary health care clinics at the Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 420 healthcare professionals participated in the study. The study participants were chosen usinga multistage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was developed based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), employing descriptive and inferential statistics to summarize participant characteristics and explore associations between variables. Results: A total of 420 participants completed the questionnaire. The majority of participants reported poor sleep quality (95%CI 1.2-5.0), with significant associations (95%CI 1.036-23.33) observed between sleep quality and demographic characteristics, clinical factors such as body mass index and chronic disease, and lifestyle factors including physical activity level and tobacco use. Conclusion: The prevalence of poor sleep quality in our sample was notably high at 74.6 %, and its association with obesity and sociodemographic and lifestyle habits. Healthcare providers in Almadinah should pay particular attention while assessing patients who suffer from sleep disturbance to raise public awareness of the importance of good quality sleep and the factors that affect it.