Traumatic and Non-traumatic Etiology of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by prolonged pain after an injury that persists longer than expected. Different symptoms may present, and traumatic, non-traumatic, or iatrogenic events can cause them. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of CRPS and its causes. Objectives: This systematic review aims to explore the different causes of CRPS and their incidence, providing valuable insights for early recognition and management of the condition. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed and Cochrane databases, utilizing keywords related to CRPS and its causes. Patients with traumatic or non-traumatic causes of CRPS or those affected by iatrogenic causes met the inclusion criteria. We excluded review articles, animal studies, and non-relevant studies. This systematic review included 50 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: There was a significant correlation between trauma and CRPS, specifically fractures and blunt injuries without fractures. The second most common cause was iatrogenic, including carpal tunnel syndrome release and open reduction of distal radius fractures. Additionally, reports included cases related to tumors, inflammatory disorders, infections, neurological diseases, and miscellaneous or idiopathic causes. Estimates indicate that CRPS affects 13.6 per 100,000 people annually, with women experiencing a higher incidence than men.