Photometric Characteristics of Lunar Soils: Results from Spectral Analysis of Chang’E-5 In Situ Data Using Legendre Phase Function

China’s Chang’E-5 (CE-5) mission has successfully landed in the Northern Oceanus Procellarum of the Moon. Lunar mineralogical spectrometer (LMS), as one of the important payloads onboard CE-5 Lander–Ascender Combination, aims to study the physical and compositional properties of the landing area. This paper applies the Legendre phase function to correct the photometric effects on the LMS in situ spectra and reveal the photometric characteristic of the CE-5 landing area. LMS obtained the reflectance spectra in various geometric configurations by performing full-view scanning of the CE-5 landing area. By fitting these LMS spectral data, the parameters b=−0.29 and c=0.44 of the Legendre phase function were obtained. This indicates the strong forward scattering characteristic of the CE-5 landing area, which is similar to that of the Chang’E-4 (CE-4) landing area, and the side scattering is weaker than that of CE-4. In addition, we derived the FeO content of the landing area using the photometric-corrected LMS spectral data. Our results demonstrate that the estimated FeO content of the landing area is close to the laboratory measured data of the returned samples. The LMS in situ reflectance data will contribute to a better understanding of the physical and mineralogical properties of the CE-5 landing area.