Advancement in Mechanistic Alteration of IGFs Family of Receptors to Target Prostate and Cervical Cancer: An Updated Review

Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) significantly impact mammalian physiology, including growth, development, ageing, and disease progression. The IGF system is composed of various growth factor receptors, including IGF-1R and IGF-2R. Serum IGF-1 levels and IGF-1R activation, along with downstream signaling components, are increasingly recognized as key factors in the expansion of prostate (PCa) and cervical cancer. The study on IGF-1/IGF-1R activity and regulation is crucial in PCa research and cervical cancer studies. This signaling pathway significantly influences various cancer cell processes, such as survival, migration, and resistance to treatment. The inhibitors targeting IGF-1/IGF-1R have been developed to prevent the progression of cancer. The use of nanotechnology, including trap decoys, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, and protein nanotubes, has significantly improved the treatment of cervical cancer. These agents have shown promise in preclinical models for cervical cancer research, but their efficacy in PCa patients requires clinical trial validation. Combining androgen deprivation therapy or chemotherapy with IGF-1R antagonists, using consistent predictive markers and evolving novel agents, may improve the results. This review highlights the importance of IGF-1 signaling in PCa and cervical cancer development and underscores its significance in potential cancer therapy strategies. The study has also explored prospective approaches to the next generation of IGF axis-targeting drugs.