LATEST ADVANCES IN FACIAL NERVE INTRAOPERATIVE MONITORING FOR VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA - UP TO DATE 2024

Introduction: Vestibular schwannoma, a benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve, can be treated with radiosurgery, microsurgery, or observation. This study aims to present advances in intraoperative monitoring techniques for preserving facial nerve function during acoustic neuroma surgeries. By sharing the latest evidence, we hope to influence clinical practices for the benefit of patients. Methodology: Thus, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using the Scopus database, we searched for articles published from 2018 to 2023 using the keywords "facial paralysis," "acoustic neuroma," and "intraoperative monitoring." Results: The use of electromyographic parameters in the pre, intra, and post-resection monitoring of vestibular schwannoma provides valuable indicators of both the functional state of the facial nerve and the tumor adherence. This information plays a crucial role in making safe decisions regarding the extent of tumor resection while minimizing the risk of facial nerve damage during surgery. Supramaximal stimulation of the facial nerve in proximity to the tumor is of utmost importance to preserve facial function. However, the presence of a separate intermediate nerve poses challenges in accurately detecting false positives. Therefore, monitoring the facial nerve during surgery becomes essential to prevent potential injuries and to predict both short- and long-term outcomes. Conclusion: Intraoperative electrophysiological facial nerve monitoring is a crucial strategy to reduce postoperative facial paralysis. While the best technique is still under debate, several options exist to enhance monitoring efficacy and patient safety. By staying informed, clinicians can make better decisions to improve patient outcomes.