Screening and Characterization of a New Iflavirus Virus in the Fruit Tree Pest Pyrops candelaria

<i>Pyrops candelaria</i> is one of the common pests of fruit trees, but the research on the pathogenic microorganisms it may carry is very limited. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the pathogenic microbes it carries and their potential hazards. This study found a new virus from the transcriptome of <i>P. candelaria</i>, which was first reported in <i>P. candelaria</i> and named PyCaV (<i>Pyrops candelaria</i> associated virus). RACE and bioinformatics assay revealed that the full length of PyCaV is 10,855 bp with the polyA tail, containing a single open-reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein consisting of 3171 amino acid (aa). The virus has a typical iflavirus structure, including two <i>rhv</i> domains, an RNA helicase domain (HEL), a 3C cysteine protease domain (Pro), and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain (RdRp). Further phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus belongs to family <i>Iflaviridae</i> and sequence alignments analysis suggested PyCaV is a new member in an unassigned genus of family <i>Iflaviridae</i>. Further in-depth analysis of the virus infection showed that PyCaV is distributed throughout the whole <i>P. candelaria</i>, including its head, chest, and abdomen, but more PyCaV was identified in the chest. The distribution of PyCaV in different parts of <i>P. candelaria</i> was further explored, which showed that more PyCaV was detected in its piercing-sucking mouthparts and chest viscera. Statistical analysis showed that the PyCaV infection was affected by time and location.