The Clinicopathological Characteristics and Surgical Treatment of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm—A 10-Year Single-Center Experience

<b>Background:</b> Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) represent a diverse group of tumors, with surgical resection being the gold standard for treatment. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on 63 patients (32 women, 31 men) who underwent surgery for GI-NENs at the Department of Digestive Tract Surgery from January 2013 to June 2023. Tumors were classified by stage (localized, regionally advanced, metastatic). <b>Results:</b> Clinical symptoms were reported by 42 (66.7%) patients, with abdominal pain being the most common symptom, affecting 28 (44.4%) patients. The majority of tumors (44, 69.8%) originated in the midgut. The most frequently performed surgery was right hemicolectomy, carried out on 33 (52.4%) patients. Radical tumor resection was performed in 35 (55.6%) patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 (19%) patients, with male gender identified as an independent predictive factor for complications (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Non-functioning tumors were more common (33, 52.4%), and most tumors were classified as grade 1 histopathologically (49, 77.8%). Distant metastases were present in 29 (46%) patients. The overall two-year survival rate was 94.9%, with a five-year survival rate also estimated at 94.9%. <b>Conclusions:</b> GI-NENs are often diagnosed at advanced stages, frequently with distant or lymph node metastases, and predominantly arise in the midgut. Despite low postoperative morbidity and mortality, male gender may be a predictor of postoperative complications. Overall, the prognosis for GI-NENs is favorable, reflected in high overall survival rates.