Protein consumption in Europe: Sustainability, tradition, and policy implications

Abstract While the consumption of animal‐based food is linked with many environmental and health‐related effects, consumption of plant‐based protein is less harmful and aligns more closely with the principles of sustainable development. This study evaluates the historical consumption of protein in Europe, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development in shaping consumption patterns. It identifies factors that play a crucial role in European consumers' preferences. The results provide vital insights into the nature of protein consumption in Europe, which can serve as a foundation for proposals for future policies that prioritize sustainable development. Specifically, the findings suggest that as GDP per capita rises, protein consumption increases. Additionally, various cultural, socioeconomic, and geographical variables influence protein consumption, implying that the future behavior of consumers and the supply of plant‐based or animal‐based protein will not uniformly impact all European countries.