The Emission Characteristics of VOCs and Environmental Health Risk Assessment in the Plywood Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study in Shandong Province

The current emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the plywood manufacturing industry are not yet clearly understood, and their impact on occupational health warrants attention. This study examines VOC concentrations in adhesive-coating and hot-pressing workshops, aiming to discern the emission characteristics and evaluate the health risks to workers. The calculated VOC emission factors range from 1.5 to 3.6 g/m3 for plywood, and an average total VOC concentration of 954.17 μg/m3 is observed. Hot pressing (336.63 μg/m3) and adhesive coating (276.24 μg/m3) substantially contribute to organized and unorganized emissions, respectively. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (50.79%) predominate, followed by alkanes (16.22%) and halohydrocarbons (15.81%). Formaldehyde, acetone, and acetaldehyde are most prevalent in organized emissions, while dichloromethane, formaldehyde, and methyl methacrylate are dominant in unorganized emissions. Ozone formation potential (OFP) values range from 905.04 to 1822.35 μg/m3, with notable contributions from formaldehyde, methyl methacrylate, and acetaldehyde. Health risk assessments using the total lifetime cancer risk (T-LCR) values suggest potential cancer risks for identified VOCs, particularly formaldehyde in the hot-pressing process. These findings will contribute valuable insights for regional-scale VOC pollution control and offer guidance for minimizing environmental impact and improving occupational health and safety within the plywood manufacturing industry.