Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Variations in Enzyme Production of Saccharopolyspora rosea A22 under Different Temperatures

<i>Saccharopolyspora</i> is a key microorganism in the fermentation of traditional fermented foods, capable of producing saccharifying and liquefying enzymes at elevated temperatures. However, the specific mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing <i>Saccharopolyspora</i>'s response to ambient temperatures are not yet fully understood. In this study, the morphological differences in <i>Saccharopolyspora rosea</i> screened from traditional handmade wheat Qu at different temperatures were initially explored. At 37 °C, the mycelium exhibited abundant growth and radiated in a network-like pattern. As the temperature increased, the mycelium aggregated into clusters. At 50 °C, it formed highly aggregated ellipsoidal structures, with the mycelium distributed on the spherical surface. Subsequently, we assessed the biomass, saccharifying enzyme activity and liquefying enzyme activity of <i>Saccharopolyspora rosea</i> cultured at 37 °C, 42 °C and 50 °C. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that <i>Saccharopolyspora rosea</i> employs mechanisms related to the carbon metabolism, the TCA cycle, glycine, serine and threonine metabolisms, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments to coordinate its responses to changes in environmental temperature, as verified by the expression of typical genes. This study enhances our understanding of the differences in high-temperature enzyme production by <i>Saccharopolyspora</i>, and offers valuable guidance for the traditional fermented food industry to drive innovation.