Advanced Energy Modeling and Prediction of Integrated Micro-Generator System for Useful Heat Harvesting

Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation of an integrated micro-thermoelectric generator system for thermal power generation are carried out. The system measures 4.2 × 4.2 × 5 mm and consists of a micro-thermoelectric module (bismuth telluride) and two finned heat sinks (aluminum). The system can be used to convert thermal energy to electricity in Seebeck effect-based micro-applications. This work aims to improve an advanced model to effectively predict the thermal performance of the system and to develop thermal and flow simulations to accurately evaluate real micro-thermoelectric generator systems. The advanced model solves the thermoelectric module’s energy equations, incorporating heat balance in the heat transfer calculations. The thermal and flow simulations take into account the dynamic calculations under the thermal loads occurring in the system. This innovative aspect can considered separately for the different materials (ceramics, semiconductors and copper strips) of the micro-thermoelectric module for heat transfer enhancement. The results predicted that when the temperature difference of the thermoelectric module was increased from 18 K to 58 K, the power output and the conversion efficiency of the system increased by about 0.5 W and 50%, respectively. Also, the transfer of useful heat to electrical power was achieved at 83%, with 11% saved heat and thermal losses of 6% W at maximum temperature difference of the module. In terms of overall energy consumption, the integrated micro-thermoelectric generator system has a little environmental impacts. Validation of the model with particular experimental works was accomplished for dependability. Comparisons with different modeling strategies demonstrate that the accuracy and performance of the advanced model can be used to reliably study the thermal performance of real micro-thermoelectric generator systems.