Prevalence and factors associated with moderate-to-severe anaemia among virally suppressed people with HIV at a tertiary hospital in Zambia

We found a higher prevalence of anaemia and moderate-to-severe anaemia in virally suppressed PLWH, suggesting factors beyond HIV contribute to the persistence of anaemia in this cohort. Women, lower lymphocyte count, higher BMI, low mean corpuscular volume (microcytosis) indicative of microcytic anaemia, and NNRTI-based ART regimens were independently associated with moderate-to-severe anaemia. Further research is warranted to explain the underlying mechanisms and optimize clinical management to improve outcomes among virally suppressed PLWH.