The Escape Velocity Profile of the Milky Way from Gaia DR3

Abstract The escape velocity profile of the Milky Way offers a crucial and independent measurement of its underlying mass distribution and dark matter (DM) properties. Using a sample of stars from the third data release of Gaia with 6D kinematics and strict quality cuts, we obtain an escape velocity profile of the Milky Way from 4 to 11 kpc in Galactocentric radius. To infer the escape velocity in radial bins, we model the tail of the stellar speed distribution with both traditional power-law models and a new functional form that we introduce. While power-law models tend to rely on extrapolation to high speeds, we find our new functional form gives the most faithful representation of the observed distribution. Using this for the escape velocity profile, we constrain the properties of the Milky Way’s DM halo modeled as a Navarro–Frenck–White profile. Combined with constraints from the circular velocity at the solar position, we obtain a concentration and mass of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>DM</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>13.9</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">DM</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.55</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . This corresponds to a total Milky Way mass of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.64</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , which is on the low end of the historic range of the galaxy’s mass, but in line with other recent estimates.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2024-08-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad58d7
Citations
13
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
4.31

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article

The Escape Velocity Profile of the Milky Way from Gaia DR3

Lina Necib, Tri Nguyên, Tongyan Lin, Xiaowei Ou et al.
13 citations
The Astrophysical Journal
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
4.31
article

The Escape Velocity Profile of the Milky Way from Gaia DR3

Lina Necib, Tri Nguyên, Tongyan Lin, Xiaowei Ou, Cian Roche
article en
13 citations

Abstract

Abstract The escape velocity profile of the Milky Way offers a crucial and independent measurement of its underlying mass distribution and dark matter (DM) properties. Using a sample of stars from the third data release of Gaia with 6D kinematics and strict quality cuts, we obtain an escape velocity profile of the Milky Way from 4 to 11 kpc in Galactocentric radius. To infer the escape velocity in radial bins, we model the tail of the stellar speed distribution with both traditional power-law models and a new functional form that we introduce. While power-law models tend to rely on extrapolation to high speeds, we find our new functional form gives the most faithful representation of the observed distribution. Using this for the escape velocity profile, we constrain the properties of the Milky Way’s DM halo modeled as a Navarro–Frenck–White profile. Combined with constraints from the circular velocity at the solar position, we obtain a concentration and mass of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>DM</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>13.9</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">DM</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.55</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . This corresponds to a total Milky Way mass of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.64</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , which is on the low end of the historic range of the galaxy’s mass, but in line with other recent estimates.

The Astrophysical JournalVol. 972(1)
University of California San Diego (US), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions (US)
U.S. Department of Energy, European Space Agency, Office of Science
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
4.31
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