Research on the Fault Diagnosis Method of Rotating Machinery Based on Improved Variational Modal Decomposition and Probabilistic Neural Network Algorithm

The fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is vital in industry but traditionally depends on manual expertise, requiring substantial resources. To improve diagnostic accuracy, enable effective condition monitoring, and minimize the impact of faults on operations, advanced diagnostic techniques are essential. Hence, we propose an advanced fault diagnosis framework that leverages improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and probabilistic neural networks (PNN) to accurately diagnose faults in rotating machinery using gear and rolling bearing vibration signals. Initially, the vibration signals are decomposed into intrinsic mode functions via VMD, enabling the capture of subtle but critical fault features. To address parameter selection challenges in VMD, we employed IPSO to optimize the VMD parameters, ensuring the optimal decomposition effect. Further, we refined the feature set by applying Laplace fraction optimization and feature dimensionality reduction, isolating sensitive features that serve as input to a PNN-based fault classification model. Experimental results demonstrated that this IPSO-VMD-PNN framework achieves high diagnostic accuracy for various fault types, establishing it as an effective tool for fault identification in rotating machinery.