Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study on Residual Stress of Single-Sided Full-Penetration Welded Rib-to-Deck Joint of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck

Orthotropic steel bridge decks (OSDs) play a key role in long-span bridges, and full-penetration welding technology is crucial to improve their structural performance. This study proposes an innovative single-sided full-penetration welding rib-to-deck (RTD) joint technology. The accuracy of the numerical simulation in predicting the temperature field and stress field was verified by the combination of an experimental and numerical simulation, and the welding residual stress (WRS) of single-sided full-penetration welded RTD joints was analyzed. In addition, the effects of different welding parameters and RTD joint geometry on the WRS are discussed. The results show that the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, indicating that the single-sided full-penetration welding technology without a groove is feasible. The WRS shows a peak tensile stress near the weld, which gradually decreases and transforms into compressive stress as the distance increases. In addition, the WRS of the roof surface and the U-rib surface increases slightly with the increase in the roof thickness and the welding speed. The research results are of great significance to optimize the welding process, improve the fatigue performance, and prolong the service life of steel bridge decks, providing a new technical method for bridge engineering.