Compositions of the essential oils and antimicrobial activities of the rediscovered Turkish endemic Salvia freyniana and Salvia quezelii (Lamiaceae)

Background and Aims: This study aims to determine the chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of the rediscovered Turkish endemic Salvia freyniana Bornm. and Salvia quezelii Hedge & Afzal-Rafii.Methods: The study simultaneously uses gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems, to analyze the hydrodistilled essential oils of S. freyniana and S. quezelii. The study examines the antibacterial activity of Salvia essential oils against the human pathogens Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC B888, and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 and evaluates the oils’ minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).Results: The major components were found as 1,8-cineole (21.9%), 𝛽-pinene (14.2%), camphor (8.7%), 𝛼-pinene (8.0%), and valeranone (7.0%) for S. freyniana and limonene (20.8%), pinocamphone (11.4%), 𝛼-pinene (10.6%), camphor (9.1%), 𝛽-pinene (7.5%), camphene(7.1%)andisopinocamphone(6.7%)for S.quezelii. S.typhimurium was inhibitedat aconcentration of 5 mg/mL by both essential oils, with a MIC value of 5 mg/mL being found against S. aureus by S. freyniana. The other tested samples show rather moderate inhibitory effects (20 mg/mL).Conclusion: To the best of this study’s knowledge, this is the first report to show the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of S. freyniana and S. quezelii.