Factors of migration of peripheral region youth (using example of Dagestan youth living in St. Petersburg)

Introduction. The purpose of the article: to consider the migration process (migration factors and migration intentions) of Dagestan youth living in St. Petersburg through the prism of gender, age and ethnic characteristics. At the same time, the migration process is complicated by significant differences between the recipient region     and the donor region: in 2019, St. Petersburg ranked 2nd in the Human Development Index (HDI) among all subjects of the Russian Federation, while the Republic of Dagestan was 70th. Methods. The research methodological basis is the theory of pull (“+”) / push (“–”) E. Lee and the theory of human capital (G. Becker, T. Schulz, etc.), the empirical base was collected through a questionnaire survey. Results and its discussion. The empirical data examined made it possible to identify migration factors and migration intentions of young people from Dagestan living in St. Petersburg through the prism of gender, age and ethnic characteristics; for the first time, the characteristics of gender, age subgroups and ethnic groups were identified, influencing, respectively, the entire migration process. St. Petersburg attracts with opportunities that make it possible to realize human capital: obtaining an education, expanding opportunities for development, increasing income, improving living standards, realizing the desire to find a more interesting job and find employment in a specialty. The desire to realize human capital after moving is expressed in active integration into educational and work activities. The main pushing factor from the Republic of Dagestan, in the opinion of Dagestan youth, is the lack of prospects for a normal life in the same place (obtaining a competitive education, employment for a decent salary, including employment in the acquired specialty, opportunities for self-development, the presence of a convenient and diverse infrastructure, etc.). At the same time, living in St. Petersburg is not suitable for all migrants, the biggest problem is the unsuitable (bad) climate, family ties (absence of relatives and friends and other family reasons) and the presence of difficulties in observing religious rites and customs also play a leading role, and an aggressive urban environment.