Post-transplant Malignancies: Current Perspective on Risk Factors, Prevention, and Management

Abstract Post-transplant malignancies arise from a complex interplay of factors, with immunosuppression playing a pivotal role. Chronic immunosuppressive treatment compromises the recipient’s immune system, rendering it less eficient at recognizing and eliminating malignant cells. Additionally, viral infections, especially Epstein–Barr virus and Human papillomavirus, are major contributors to malignancy development. Lifestyle modifcations, including smoking cessation and sun protection, are recommended for reducing certain cancer risks. Regular screening for malignancies may provide the early diagnosis as in the general population. Afer the diagnosis of cancer, tailoring immunosuppressive regimens to maintain graf function is crucial. Treatment options, such as chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies, should be selected with consideration of the patient’s overall health and the potential impact on the transplanted organ. A multidisciplinary approach is required in order to provide optimal treatment to our kidney transplant recipients. With this review article, we aim to discuss pathophysiological mechanisms, review guidelines, and provide information on the incidence and management options for various cancers. Cite this article as: Velioglu A, Barutcu Atas D, Hellemans R. Post-transplant malignancies: current perspective on risk factors, prevention, and management. Turk J Nephrol. 2024;33(4):316-323.