GWAS as a tool for detecting SNPs in cattle to study their relationship to reproduction, productivity, growth, behavior, diseases

The fundamental goal of animal husbandry is the cost-effective production of human food from healthy animals, which includes production, reproduction. The method of whole-genome association study (GWAS) is actively used in various fields, including agriculture. Genome-wide association analyzes were generated as an identifier for genomic variations associated with economically significant traits in different livestock species. This method of genomic selection provides new priorities for improving the productive and reproductive qualities of livestock. The purpose of this review article is a comprehensive analysis of the current state of GWAS in cattle, focusing on the identification of SNPs associated with reproduction, productivity, growth, behavior and genetically determined diseases. The scope of the article covers the study of GWAS results worldwide, both in dairy and beef cattle, with special emphasis on the identification of candidate genes, QTL and genome regions related to the direction of productivity. Additionally, the organization of this review will include a classification of GWAS results based on the specific traits studied, providing a comprehensive overview of the genetic determinants of reproduction, growth, behavior, and disease traits in cattle.