Investigation of Breakdown Phenomenon and Long-Pulse Improvement in <i>Ku</i>-Band TTO

This study is an experimental investigation aimed at addressing the limitation of pulsewidth in traditional <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ku</i>-band transit-time oscillator (TTO) devices within a long-pulse accelerator as highlighted in a previous study. By controlling the number of shots and analyzing the variations in breakdown phenomena within the device, we identified the junction between the extraction cavity and drift section as a susceptible area for breakdown discharges. Through an increase in the number of shots, we confirmed the validity of the “anode plasma impact” model. Building upon adjustments made to the internal structure of the drift section, we successfully optimized the output pulsewidth of the TTO device from 68 to 82 ns, effectively maximizing the energy efficiency of the pulse. This research holds significant implications for the design optimization of devices in long-pulse accelerators.