Improving Broadcast Efficiency of Mobile Wireless Sensor Network Based on Gaussian Network Hamiltonian Path

Broadcast efficiency in mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) is greatly influenced by several factors, such as node energy and mobile elements. Several energy-efficient clustering models have been proposed in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to improve packet broadcast efficiency. However, when the sensor nodes are moved or the cluster head (CH) energy is exhausted, which leads to a loss of connection between the CH and the sensors, the broadcast packet will be lost, and the broadcast will be inefficient. Therefore, in this article, we have proposed a hierarchical model of MWSN based on Gaussian network properties and clustering to optimize MWSN topology management. Accordingly, we propose a solution to improve the broadcast efficiency based on four Hamiltonian paths. Through Hamiltonian paths, broadcast packets are sent to nodes in each cluster exactly once, reducing broadcast costs. Compared to performance with other broadcast protocols, our proposal protocol reduces the number of transmissions (only about 80%) as well as increases residual energy (more than 10%).