Sensitivity of marine controlled source electromagnetic monitoring of plume transport in offshore CO₂ storage

Offshore carbon dioxide (CO2) storage is considered an effective method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Submarine sediments provide a large volume and sufficient permeability for long-term injection of carbon dioxide under relatively high pressure and low temperature conditions. However, the transport process of CO2 during seabed storage has a significant impact on the stability and safety of storage. Therefore, accurate monitoring and evaluation of CO2 transport behavior during storage is crucial. This study is based on the ocean controllable source electromagnetic method (CSEM) and investigates the sensitivity of plume transport in offshore CO2 storage. The research results indicate that CSEM has a high sensitivity for monitoring plume transport in offshore CO2 storage. The changes in electromagnetic field response can reflect the transport status of CO2 plumes, providing an important basis for monitoring and evaluating CO2 transport behavior during storage processes.