A systematic literature review on machine learning and deep learning-based covid-19 detection frameworks using X-ray Images

Coronavirus is an endangered disease to kills more than millions of people, but it has also put tremendous pressure on the whole medical system. The initial stage of identification of COVID-19 is necessary to isolate the patients with positive cases in order to stop the disease from spreading. The amalgamation of imaging techniques and deep learning algorithms takes less time and leads to more accurate outcomes for COVID-19 detection. Deep learning techniques have been employed by scientists to identify coronavirus infection in lung images during the COVID-19 worldwide epidemic. In this review, a review of the Covid-19 detection framework based on machine learning and deep learning techniques using X-ray images is done. First, the review of existing Covid-19 detection models is done. For this purpose, a detailed literature survey is carried out on Covid-19 detection papers from 2019 to 2023. Following the literature survey, the pre-processing procedures, the segmentation process, and the classification techniques used for Covid-19 detection using deep learning, machine learning, and optimization algorithms are reviewed and categorized. After that, the dataset and the implementation tool which are utilized for Covid-19 detection works are analyzed and grouped. Finally, the performance metrics validation such as accuracy, recall, F1-score, NPV, precision, sensitivity, and specificity is carried out. The research gaps in the existing Covid-19 detection techniques are provided further as references to aid in future works.