Global Climate
Two night marine air temperature (NMAT) datasets are routinely updated and used for analysis in this section: UAHNMAT (Junod and Christy 2020) and CLASSnmat (Cornes et al. 2020). These datasets are evaluated in combination with the HadSST4 dataset (Kennedy et al. 2019). Since these datasets are not spatially interpolated, they each have slightly different spatial coverage. In this evaluation the data have been masked to allow comparisons to be made over the common coverage areas, and to the common period of 1900–2023. NMAT and sea-surface temperature (SST) data are expected to follow each other closely across large spatial scales and over longer time periods. As such, the NMAT data are used here to evaluate the more widely used SST data, which are considered in more detail in section 3b.
Authors
- Oscar M. Baez‐Villanueva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-1698)
- Carlo Arosio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-6390)
- Jean‐Paul Vernier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5724-9673)
- Jens Mühle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-3642)
- Isaac Vimont (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-4927)
- Alo Laas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-0377)
- Tim R. McVicar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-8285)
- Michael Mayer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-0476)
- Earle Williams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-3361)
- Ruxandra-Maria Zotta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-3421)
- Diego Loyola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-9350)
- Andrea K. Steiner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1201-3303)
- S. M. Frith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-0574)
- Jean‐François Crétaux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-7719)
- Feng Zhong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6452-6332)
- Cassandra D. W. Rogers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-7378)
- Andrew David Richardson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-6714)
- Piet Verburg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-9161)
- Andreas Kellerer‐Pirklbauer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3953)
- Benjamin M. Kraemer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-9005)
- Robert Junod (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1398-0098)
- Zak Kipling (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-000X)
- David A. Lavers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-3737)
- Wolfgang Steinbrecht (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-6729)
- Оlga O. Rusanovskaya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9328-0264)
- Ian Harris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2037-9284)
- Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9528-2917)
- David Nance
- Yasuyuki Aono (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-4341)
- Coda Phillips (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-9199)
- Sean M. Davis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-6158)
- Hanne H. Christiansen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6218-3493)
- Svetlana V. Shimaraeva
- Pietro Stradiotti
- Martin Schmid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-5691)
- Paul C. Stoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-6232)
- Steven Michael Goodman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-0570)
- Jim Miller
- Kleareti Tourpali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-6176)
- Timothy J. Osborn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-6799)
- Xi Shao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-7098)
- Ghassan Taha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-6516)
- Holger Vömel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-3429)
- This Rutishauser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-2164)
- Diego Cusicanqui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-1111)
- Reynald Delaloye
- C. A. Mears (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-9354)
- Stefan A. Buehler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6389-1160)
- Sharon L. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-094X)
- Nicole Estrella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1028-0048)
- P. D. Jones
- Vitali Fioletov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-5956)
- Curt Covey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-479X)
- Logan Soldo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-8554)
- Richard P. Allan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-9447)
- Cécile Pellet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-5349)
- Markus Ziese
- Scott Clingan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0314-2509)
- Tyler V. King (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-3077)
- Taran Warnock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-5673)
- Viju O. John (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-8810)
- Diego G. Miralles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-5751)
- John R. Christy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-5903)
- Sophie Godin‐Beekmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-3040)
- Merritt E. Harlan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-4888)
- Olivier Bonte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-7572)
- Robert W. Schlegel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-1287)
- Viktoria Sofieva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9192-2208)
- Kate M. Willett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-0076)
- Kyle Petersen
- Richard Iestyn Woolway (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-7968)
- Sergey Khaykin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-1096)
- Ben Noll
- David Fereday (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-3259)
- Mark Parrington (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-6218)
- Michael J. Foster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-4500)
- Colin Raymond (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3093-5774)
- D. F. Hurst (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-2322)
- Maxim Timofeyev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-6818)
- Guojun Gu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-8006)
- Angela Benedetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9971-9976)
- Stephen Blenkinsop (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0790-6545)
- Martin Hirschi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-756X)
- Olivier Bock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5980-938X)
- Nicolas Bellouin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-9559)
- Thomas Frederikse (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-0163)
- Elizabeth Asher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-5730)
- Jozef Rozkošný
- R. H. Holzworth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-618X)
- Laura M. Ciasto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-355X)
- Verena Schenzinger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-9903)
- Wolfgang Preimesberger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-0588)
- Melanie Ades (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2633-4485)
- Ronald Johannes van der A (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-5338)
- Chris Lennard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-7103)
- Melanie Coldewey‐Egbers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9275-498X)
- Xavier Bodín (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6245-4030)
- Michael F. Meyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-9434)
- William J. Randel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-7162)
- Antje Inness (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0603-5389)
- Jonathan Barichivich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-2491)
- David N. Wiese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-0514)
- Thierry Leblanc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-6915)
- Izidine Pinto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9919-4559)
- Mihai Alexe
- Filip Hrbáček (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-9216)
- P. Sawaengphokhai
- Guojie Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-0445)
- Elizabeth DiGangi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-5738)
- Colin Price (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-7632)
- B. D. Hall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-8416)
- Owen R. Cooper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-1161)
- Viktor Kaufmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-1992)
- Markus G. Donat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-7288)
- Paolo Pogliotti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3196-0787)
- M. McCarthy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-4818)
- Leo‐Juhani Meriö (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-8195)
- Robin van der Schalie
- Anthony Argüez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-9767)
- Christopher J. Merchant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-9850)
- Johannes W. Kaiser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-9123)
- Mari R. Tye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2491-1020)
- Emma Tronquo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7528-8289)
- Stephen J. Thackeray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-2706)
- O. P. Sreejith
- Martin Füllekrug (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-3591)
- Annette Menzel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-2512)
- Takmeng Wong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8696)
- Hylke E. Beck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-9566)
- Zhenzhong Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-2756)
- Sebastian Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4855-6273)
- Ahira Sánchez-Lugo
- Joshua Culpepper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-0539)
- Michael G. Bosilovich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-6809)
- Leopold Haimberger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0379-6353)
- Akash Koppa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-0878)
- Mark C. Weber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-5450)
- Eric M. Leibensperger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-2688)
- Norman G. Loeb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-9644)
- Wouter Dorigo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-7572)
- Johannes Flemming (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-5329)
- Judith Garforth
- Imke Durre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5689-3846)
- Laura Carrea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-2767)
- Jeannette Wild
- Deborah Hemming (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-0546)
- Cheng‐Zhi Zou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-6448)
- R. Said (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-4204)
- Atsushi Goto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0669-654X)
- D. A. Streletskiy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-2664)
- Alice M. Grimm (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-4656)
- Samuel Rémy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4584-4157)
- Russell S. Vose (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6669-3319)
- Molly Crotwell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8092-0285)
- Florence Magnin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-7459)
- Xin Lan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-6950)
- Ryuichiro Shinohara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-3312)
- Eugene A. Silow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-3220)
- Donald C. Pierson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-0146)
- D. A. Degenstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-2256)
- Richard Cornes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-4485)
- Shin‐ichiro S. Matsuzaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-1343)
- J. R. Ziemke
- Lorenzo M. Polvani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4775-8110)
- Colin Peter Morice (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-1021)
- Eui‐Seok Chung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9601-7143)
- Lei Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2297-3079)
- Robert Dunn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-5989)
- G. S. Dutton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-9268)
- Paul W. Stackhouse (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-310X)
- Matthew Rodell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-7437)
- Karen H. Rosenlof (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-8270)
- Stephen Po–Chedley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0390-238X)
- P. Rohini
- Martin T. Dokulil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-1457)
- Orlane Anneville (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-5661)
- Sebastián Vivero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-9575)
- Shu‐peng Ho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-8544)
- Fabrizio Cappucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9569)
- Brian J. Soden (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-8236)
- Ben Liley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-7928)
- Julien P. Nicolas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-100X)
- Oliviér Boucher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-5769)
- Katrina S. Virts (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-9557)
- Gerard van der Schrier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-8023)
- Ryan M. Stauffer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8583-7795)
- Ivan Mrekaj
- Isamu Morino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-1569)
- N. Gobron
- Tetsu Sakai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-2695)
- Kai‐Lan Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-3183)
- Emmanuel Thibert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-5367)
- Jeff Lapierre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-9808)
- Jeannette Noetzli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9188-6318)
- Mauro Guglielmin
- Alexei V. Rozanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-3223)
- Ray H. J. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-3239)
- Ketil Isaksen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-5330)
- Tom K. R. Matthews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-1870)
- Mauri Pelto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9498-9125)
- Lucrezia Ricciardulli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-708X)
- Nemesio Rodríguez-Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-149X)
- Andreas Kääb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-6564)
- A. J. Simmons (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-6310)
- Radley M. Horton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-9962)
- Richard de Jeu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-8984)
- Y. T. Eunice Lo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-7272)
- Hilary A. Dugan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-1149)
- Alexander Gruber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-7023)
- C. T. Sabeerali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-1808)
- Grégory Duveiller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-8404)
- Diego Campos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-7014)
- A.J.H. van Vliet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9426-3511)
- Michael P. Byrne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-3915)
- César Azorín-Molina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-7026)
- Theresa M. Crimmins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9592-625X)
- John Augustine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-7404)
- Sapna Sharma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-2768)
- Fumi Sezaki
- Josh Blannin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6133-2346)
- Kathleen Lantz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-160X)
- David A. Robinson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-3717)
- Yakun Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8460-5191)
- John Anderson
- Xungang Yin
- Stephan A. Montzka
- Robert F. Adler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7323-9516)
- Lucien Froidevaux
- Diane Duchemin
- R. Sofia La Fuente
- Jay Garg
- John O’Keefe
- Lin Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-8413)
- Richard Kidd
- Thomas W. Estilow
- Dolores Armenteras Pascual
Institutions
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FR)
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale del Piemonte (IT)
- University of Insubria (IT)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Natural Resources Canada (CA)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FI)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Bureau of Meteorology (AU)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Met Office (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (CL)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (NL)
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (NO)
- Langley Research Center (US)
- Geological Survey of Canada (CA)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- World Meteorological Organization (CH)
- Australian Research Council (AU)
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (CA)
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- University of Miami (US)
- TU Wien (AT)
- Vaisala (United States) (US)
- Institut de physique du globe de Paris (FR)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- Hampton University (US)
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (GB)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of Graz (AT)
- Osaka Prefecture University (JP)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Bangor University (GB)
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Deutscher Wetterdienst (DE)
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (FR)
- University of Bremen (DE)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Universität Innsbruck (AT)
- York University (CA)
- George Washington University (US)
- Estonian University of Life Sciences (EE)
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (FR)
- National Oceanography Centre (GB)
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (JP)
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Washington (US)
- Northern Arizona University (US)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Masaryk University (CZ)
- Nichols College (US)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (ES)
- Finnish Environment Institute (FI)
- Japan Meteorological Agency (JP)
- India Meteorological Department (IN)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CO)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Graz University of Technology (AT)
- European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (DE)
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (US)
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (GB)
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KR)
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (US)
- Technická univerzita vo Zvolene (SK)
- Centre d'Études Spatiales de la Biosphère (FR)
- Ministry of Earth Sciences (IN)
- Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SK)
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (CN)
- Centre d'Investigacions sobre Desertificació (ES)
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (GB)
- Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (FR)
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre (FR)
- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (FR)
- International Geographical Union (ZA)
- Remote Sensing Systems (United States) (US)
- Joint Research Centre (IT)
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (FR)
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (CH)
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (FR)
- National Centre for Earth Observation (GB)
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (US)
- NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (US)
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (US)
- Institute for Advanced Study (DE)
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (US)
- Science Systems and Applications (United States) (US)
- Université Gustave Eiffel (FR)
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (DE)
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux, observations spatiales (FR)
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (US)
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche (FR)
- Woodland Trust (GB)
- Swiss Academy of Sciences (CH)
- Adnet Systems (United States) (US)
- Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (US)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (FR)
- Osaka Metropolitan University (JP)
- NOAA Climate Prediction Center
- Meteorological Research Institute (JP)
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NZ)
- University of Bath (GB)
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (BR)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (CH)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- NILU (NO)
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc (FR)
- University of Reading (GB)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Alabama in Huntsville (US)
- Morgan State University (US)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Ithaca College (US)
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Irkutsk State University (RU)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2024-08-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-24-0116.1
- Citations
- 17
- Primary Topic
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.50
Funders
- Sight Research UK
- Natural Environment Research Council