Specialized topographic map: origins, trends in the scientific field development, technology of maps creation

The prerequisites for dividing topographic maps and plans into basic and specialized ones are highlighted. The trends of specialized maps improvement as a scientific direction of topographic mapping influenced by accumulated experience of production work and scientific research were established. Increasing relevance and demand for making specialized maps of environment-forming objects with great natural and ecological potential is shown. The concept of 'type of specialized maps' is substantiated; it determined the structure and sequence of map-making technological stages. A technology for mapping environmental protection is proposed using the example of wetlands with unique biospheric functions. Its specific features at different stages of the process are revealed