Global Oceans
Annual average global mean sea level (GMSL) from satellite altimetry (1993–present; Beckley et al. 2021) reached a new high in 2023, rising to 101.4 mm above 1993 (Fig. 3.15a). This marks the 12th consecutive year (and 28th out of the last 30) that GMSL increased relative to the previous year, continuing a multi-decadal trend of 3.2±0.4 mm yr−1 and acceleration of 0.075±0.025 mm yr−2 in GMSL during the satellite altimetry era (Fig. 3.15a). A quadratic fit with corrections for the eruption of Mount Pinatubo (Fasullo et al. 2016) yields a climate-driven trend of 3.1±0.4 mm yr−1 and acceleration of 0.092±0.025 mm yr−2 (updated from Nerem et al. 2018).
Authors
- Renellys C. Perez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4401-3853)
- Duo Chan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-5115)
- R. Lumpkin
- G. C. Johnson
- Sarah G. Purkey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-6224)
- Huai‐Min Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-9068)
- Rachel Killick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5335-4097)
- Michael G. Jacox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3684-0717)
- B. D. Beckley
- Mikael Kuusela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-945X)
- Zeng‐Zhen Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-3400)
- R. S. Nerem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-8111)
- Ricardo Locarnini
- Shane Elipot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-5426)
- Yao Fu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2227-3694)
- Marlos Góes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-8079)
- P. R. Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-4208)
- D. P. Chambers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-0257)
- Gary T. Mitchum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-5417)
- Ryan H. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-6989)
- Ben Moat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-7779)
- Claudia Schmid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-4736)
- Dillon J. Amaya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-3265)
- William Sweet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-3825)
- M. A. Merrifield (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-8393)
- Lisan Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-9154)
- Kanako Sato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-0004)
- David Smeed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1740-1778)
- Matthew J. Widlansky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-7327)
- Michael A. Alexander (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-6427)
- Svetlana Jevrejeva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-4665)
- Donata Giglio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-4293)
- J. K. Willis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-8771)
- Garrett Graham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1802-0488)
- Rik Wanninkhof (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-3514)
- William E. Johns (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-7871)
- Mitsuho Oe
- Shenfu Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-8072)
- B. D. Hamlington (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2315-6425)
- Brendan R. Carter
- Joaquín Triñanes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-3371)
- Tim Boyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-4836)
- Ivenis Pita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-512X)
- Will Hobbs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-0899)
- Bryan A. Franz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-2082)
- Alexey Mishonov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2958-8747)
- Paul W. Stackhouse (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-310X)
- Toby K. Westberry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3341-6080)
- John Gilson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-6570)
- Denis L. Volkov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9290-0502)
- Lijing Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-0392)
- Boyin Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1659)
- John M. Lyman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7200-4663)
- E. W. Leuliette (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3425-4039)
- Francis Bringas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-5464)
- Meng Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-1639)
- Ivona Cetinić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-3136)
- Annika Jersild (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-545X)
- Peter Landschützer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-3293)
- Thea Sukianto
- Masayoshi Ishii (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-5548)
- Xungang Yin
- Chao Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-1712)
- Robert A. Weller
- Susan M. Lozier
- Jay Garg
- Richard A. Feely
- J. O. REAGAN
Institutions
- Met Office (GB)
- Flanders Marine Institute (BE)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JP)
- Langley Research Center (US)
- Universities Space Research Association (US)
- Australian Antarctic Division (AU)
- University of Hawaii System (US)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Australian Research Council (AU)
- North Carolina State University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- National Oceanography Centre (GB)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- University of Washington (US)
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (US)
- Japan Meteorological Agency (JP)
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (US)
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (US)
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center (US)
- NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (US)
- NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (US)
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (US)
- Science Systems and Applications (United States) (US)
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics (CN)
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (US)
- Adnet Systems (United States) (US)
- Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (US)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- NOAA Climate Prediction Center
- NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products & Services
- Meteorological Research Institute (JP)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- University of South Florida St. Petersburg (US)
- Old Dominion University (US)
- College of Marin (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2024-08-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-24-0100.1
- Citations
- 9
- Primary Topic
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.39
Funders
- Sight Research UK
- Natural Environment Research Council