Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes Circulating Among Individuals in Zamfara State, Northwestern Nigeria

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly infectious virus that remains one of the most important human pathogens. Recent data indicates that the prevalence of HBV in many Sub-Saharan African countries is among the highest in the world, often exceeding 8% of the population. This study was conducted to carry out molecular characterization of Hepatitis B virus genotypes circulating in Zamfara State, Northwestern Nigeria. Three hundred and ten (310) participants were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture, processed, and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The positive samples were analyzed using multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the virus genotypes. Out of the twenty-one HBsAg-positive samples, only 13 have detectable HBV-DNA. The study identified three (3) genotypes with genotype A predominating followed by genotype E with Genotype B having the least occurrence.