End Connectors Stress Analysis for Horizontal Pressure Vessel

The gas and oil industry extensively utilizes horizontal pressure vessels to store its primary sources. These vessels are designed to withstand high levels of pressure and to release contents in a controlled manner. Although the sphere-shaped storage container is widely regarded as a better-engineered structure, the ease of manufacturing makes horizontal pressure vessels the preferred choice. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of stress distribution in horizontal pressure vessels with various end connections, including hemispherical, ellipsoidal, flat head, and tori-spherical configurations. The study involves analytical and finite element analysis (FEA) to compare the stress distribution across these above-mentioned end connections. Key vessel dimensions, such as internal diameter, vessel thickness, and end connections, have been determined through analytical design. A detailed structural analysis aided in determining which among the different end connectors is best suitable for industry usage.