Evaluation and Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Farm Machinery Operations in Northern Nigeria

This study aimed to assess and optimize hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) integrating solar and wind energy for sustainable farm machinery operations in Northern Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was used to select representative farms and agricultural sites within the Kaduna region. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and surveys with farm owners and operators to gain insights into energy use practices, challenges, and perceptions regarding renewable energy adoption. The comparative analysis of different HRES configurations revealed that Configuration C, with the highest solar (20 kW) and wind capacities (15 kW), achieved the highest renewable energy fraction of 90% and the lowest annual cost of $14,800. Configuration B, with increased capacities (15 kW solar and 10 kW wind) and a battery capacity of 200 kWh, achieved an 85% renewable fraction and reduced the annual cost to $16,200. The cost-benefit analysis confirmed that HRES are economically viable and offer significant environmental advantages compared to conventional diesel generators. These findings underscore the potential for optimizing energy resources to achieve higher renewable energy fractions and lower operational costs. The study provides practical recommendations for promoting HRES adoption, highlighting the necessity for financial support, technical training, and robust policy frameworks to facilitate the transition towards sustainable energy solutions in agriculture.