Magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adults with tuberculosis in Galkaio Public Health Facilities Puntland, Somalia 2024: A cross-sectional study design

Background: Treatment of anemia associated with TB may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as improving nutrition or managing inflammation, and sometimes may require blood transfusions. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adults with tuberculosis in Galkaio town Public Health Facilities Puntland, Somalia 2024. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was used. A total sample of 422 adults with tuberculosis include in this study. Attending Health facilities in Galkaio town. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information related to socio-demographic characteristics. Data from both questioner and laboratory were checked and cleaned for completeness and consistency. Data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Version 20 statistical software. Both bivariate with cut off < 0.25 and multivariate with cut off < 0.05 analysis has been used to check the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. Result: The overall magnitude of anemia was 82.7% CI :( 78.09, 86.31).In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the odds of anemia were 4.23 times higher for patients aged between 41-50 years [AOR=4.23, 95% CI (1.92,9.34)] compared to those aged between 18-30 years, 6.12 times higher for patients unable to read and write compared to those who had a college diploma and above [AOR=6.12, 95% CI (2.63,14.2)], and 5.71 times higher for patients who had not started taking Anti-TB drugs compared to those who had started [AOR=5.71, 95% CI (2.68,12.14)]. Conclusion: the magnitude of anemia among adults with tuberculosis in the study area was found to be high (82.7%). The study revealed that age, gender, occupation, TB treatment status, started taking Anti-TB drugs, and BMI as key factors associated with anemia. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and healthcare strategies for at-risk individuals, with the aim of reducing the burden of anemia.