Enrichment of Aquatic Xylan-Degrading Microbial Communities

The transition towards a sustainable society involves the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable feedstock for materials, fuel, and base chemicals. Lignocellulose consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, forming a complex, recalcitrant matrix where efficient enzymatic saccharification is pivotal for accessing its valuable components. This study investigated microbial communities from brackish Lauwersmeer Lake, in The Netherlands, as a potential source of xylan-degrading enzymes. Environmental sediment samples were enriched with wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) and beechwood glucuronoxylan (BEX), with enrichment on WAX showing higher bacterial growth and complete xylan degradation compared to BEX. Metagenomic sequencing revealed communities consisting almost entirely of bacteria (>99%) and substantial shifts in composition during the enrichment. The first generation of seven-day enrichments on both xylans led to a high accumulation of Gammaproteobacteria (49% WAX, 84% BEX), which were largely replaced by Alphaproteobacteria (42% WAX, 69% BEX) in the fourth generation. Analysis of the protein function within the sequenced genomes showed elevated levels of genes associated with the carbohydrate catabolic process, specifically targeting arabinose, xylose, and xylan, indicating an adaptation to the primary monosaccharides present in the carbon source. The data open up the possibility of discovering novel xylan-degrading proteins from other sources aside from the thoroughly studied Bacteroidota.