Predictors and health outcomes of cigarette and shisha smoking among men in Gaza: a cross-sectional study
Tobacco smoking, a significant public health concern globally, is associated with a rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and preventable deaths, with pronounced impacts in conflict zones like Gaza. A cross-sectional study, conducted in 2020, in Gaza focused on individuals over 40 years of age, aiming to identify predictors of tobacco use and its links to diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic lung disease (CLD), and stroke using regression analysis. The research, based on the Gaza NCD study data with 4576 participants and a 96.6% response rate, found an overall tobacco smoking prevalence of 19.4%, with higher rates among men. After adjusting for various factors, the study identified significant associations between cigarette smoking in men and adverse health outcomes, such as CAD and CLD, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.67, 95% CI (1.22-2.29) and 1.68, 95% CI (1.21-2.33) respectively. However, after adjusting for independent variables, shisha smoking in men showed no association with these health outcomes. The findings of this study could assist other researchers in designing interventions aimed at reducing smoking prevalence by utilizing the associated factors identified in our analysis, such as age, education level, physical activity, and body mass index among men in Gaza.
Authors
- Gloria Safadi
- Hani Tamim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-4362)
- Ziyad Mahfoud
- Zeina Jamaluddine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-9329)
- Eszter P. Vamos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-1861)
- John Yudkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-1873)
- Mohamad Kanso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-8866)
- Islam Elbayoumi Salem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-3550)
- Hiba Dirawi
- Bassam Abu Hamad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-3289)
- Layal Hamdar
- Mohammed Jawad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-2136)
- Hala Ghattas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-3374)
- Sanjay Basu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-6332)
- Ali Ismail
- Christopher Millet
Institutions
- Alfaisal University (SA)
- Cornell University (US)
- Al-Quds University (PS)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Benchmark Research (United States) (US)
- American University of Beirut Medical Center (LB)
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (QA)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- American University of Beirut (LB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2024-08-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70226-8
- Primary Topic
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Office of Dietary Supplements
- Department for International Development
- Health Systems Research Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- Medical Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Fogarty International Center