A metaheuristic approach for hierarchical wireless sensor networks using particle swarm optimisation‐based Enhanced LEACH protocol

Abstract A network created in places inaccessible to humans is known as the wireless sensor network. A sensor must detect data/information before it sends this data to a base station. Data can be routed between just one node to a base station using a variety of routing protocols. The hierarchical routing method is one of the routing protocols that hierarchically distributes sensed data. Using clustering to arrange the network into an interconnected hierarchy has shown to be a successful strategy. Bio‐inspired particle swarm optimisation is combined with the Enhanced LEACH protocol to overcome the shortcomings of conventional protocol like overall consumption of energy, the total number of survival nodes, and packets being delivered during the network's life. Metaheuristic approach of particle swarm optimisation which explores alternative paths during optimisation, leading to more adaptive and efficient energy dissipation. Enhanced LEACH with the bioinspired protocol makes it more efficient for real‐time applications. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has a greater advantage over the conventional and Enhanced LEACH.