A Pilot Study to Unveiling the Link Between Physical Fitness and Cognitive Health in Early Vs. Late Diagnosed Diabetic Patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic health condition that adversely affects various organ systems. However, its influence on physical fitness and cognitive health has yet to be thoroughly investigated, especially the timing of diagnosis. Material and Methods: For our analysis, we examined 40 diabetic patients and divided them into two groups based on how long they had been diagnosed: early (≤ 5 years) and late (≥ 6 years). Participants were subjected to a battery of physical fitness tests, including evaluations of upper and lower body strength, Coordination, and aerobic endurance. Additionally, cognitive assessments such as the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were administered. The data were analyzed by conducting independent sample t-tests to compare the two groups. Results: The study revealed notable disparities between the groups diagnosed early and those diagnosed late. Individuals who were diagnosed later experienced less favorable results in physical fitness evaluations, including handgrip strength, 6-minute walk distance aerobic endurance, and heart rate variability, as well as lower scores in all cognitive assessments. These findings suggest that a prolonged period of untreated diabetes can have detrimental effects on both physical and cognitive health outcomes. Conclusion: To preserve both physical and cognitive functions, it is crucial to diagnose and manage diabetes early. The significance of prompt intervention has the potential to shape future recommendations on the treatment and detection of diabetes to enhance health outcomes.