Comparative Review on E-Beam and Gamma Radiation Sterilization Methods: Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost Considerations

This review presents a detailed comparative analysis of electron beam (e-beam) and gamma radiation sterilization technologies, with a focus on their efficacy, safety, and economic viability. Both sterilization techniques are extensively employed across medical, pharmaceutical, and food processing sectors to achieve comprehensive microbial control and product sterility. This article consolidates recent advancements and research findings on these methods, delineating their respective advantages and limitations. Key aspects covered include the mechanisms of action, operational parameters, and the impact of each method on product integrity and material compatibility. The review aims to provide an informed assessment of the applicability and performance of e-beam and gamma radiation sterilization in diverse industrial contexts.