Ovarian pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization with embryo transfer: A case report

Background: Ovarian pregnancy, a rare but life-threatening complication, has seen an increase in incidence with the development of assisted reproduction technology (ART). The exact mechanism of ovarian pregnancy after IVF remains unclear; however, factors such as reverse migration of embryos and in-vivo fertilization of anovulated oocytes have been proposed. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 42-year-old woman with poor ovarian reserve who underwent IVF-ET using donor follicles. Despite adherence to instructions against coitus during and after the IVF cycle, a transvaginal ultrasound revealed a right ovarian pregnancy, which ruptured during ultrasound examination. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, and had a satisfactory recovery. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of considering ovarian pregnancy in the differential diagnosis of ectopic gestations post-IVF as early recognition and intervention are paramount for optimal patient outcomes. Surgical treatment with wedge resection of the ovary alongside the gestation or product of conception has been considered gold standard of care.