Safety and Efficacy of Polyvinyl Alcohol Granules in Treating Type II and III Coronary Artery Perforation

Objective: The success rate of polyvinyl alcohol (PAV) granules in the treatment of coronary artery perforation (CAP) was investigated to determine their safety and efficacy. Methods: Forty patients with II and III coronary artery perforations during percutaneous coronary intervention were divided into two groups. One group was only occluded by low pressure balloons (balloon occlusion group), and the other one was occluded with PVA granules during low-pressure balloon dilatation (PVA granules embolization group). Retrospective analysis of clinical data was used to compare the success rate and safety of various methods. Results: The balloon embolization group had 16 cases (88.9%) of coronary perforation type II and 2 cases (11.1%) of coronary perforation type III. The PVA granules embolization group had 20 cases (90.9%) of coronary perforation type II and 2 cases (9.1%) of coronary perforation type III. Of the 18 patients in the balloon occlusion group, 13 were immediately occluded, with a success rate of 72.2%, while the remaining 5 required embolization or covered stents. 6 of the 18 patients had pericardial effusion, and two of them underwent pericardiocentesis. Among the 22 patients in the PVA granules embolization group, 21 were immediately blocked, with a 95.5% success rate, while the other was occluded by a covered stent. The results revealed that the success rate of transcatheter closure in the PVA granules embolization group was significantly higher than that in the balloon embolization group, and the risk of pericardial effusion and pericardiocentesis in the PVA granules embolization group was significantly lower than that in the balloon embolization group. Conclusion: In comparison to the simple use of low-pressure balloon occlusion, the use of PAV granules in the treatment of II, III coronary artery perforation has a high success rate and safety, and is a viable method for treating coronary artery perforation. Keywords: percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery perforation, polyvinyl alcohol granules