Transverse Oscillations and Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability in Curved Arcade Loops with Siphon Flows

Abstract The effect of plasma flow in curved arcade loops on transverse waves and oscillations is examined analytically. The model under study is a semicircular magnetic slab with finite transverse extensions and a mass flow inside, in the zero- β plasma approximation. It is found that in the quasi-perpendicular propagation limit, the model supports two fast surface modes: one with higher (FSW + ) and another with lower (FSW − ) frequency. For a weak flow, the frequency of the FSW + (FSW − ) increases (decreases) as the flow speed grows in both propagating and quasi-standing wave regimes. We show that the FSW + and FSW − are subjected to the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability, and the threshold flow is greater (less than) the internal Alfvén speed for the FSW + (FSW − ). The presence of plasma flow results in modifying the period ratio P 1 /2 P 2 of the fundamental harmonic to the first overtone with P 1 /2 P 2 less (more) than 1 for the FSW + (FSW − ), and this effect degenerates in the straight waveguide limit. The sub-Alfvénic flow can prohibit resonant absorption of kink modes when the frequencies of the FSW + and FSW − become out of the Alfvén continuum. It is also shown that in the static case and for a weak flow case, the FSW + (FSW − ) is interpreted as a vertically (horizontally) polarized kink mode, while for moderate flow, both modes have oblique polarization. We apply the developed theory to interpret the observational cases of kink oscillations in coronal loops with signatures of a siphon flow and the onset of KH instability induced by the blowout jet along a loop-shaped magnetic structure.