The reformation of the Crimean Tatar Arabic alphabet in the late 19th – early 20th century

The purpose of the study is to describe the features of the reform of the Crimean Tatar Arabic alphabet and writing in the late 19th – early 20th century. Based on the analysis of written sources, it was found that the reformers of the Crimean Tatar alphabet were I. Gasprinsky, Ya. N. Bayburtlyand S. Bektor, who developed separate letter forms to designate and differentiate vowel sounds in writing. The main decisions on the reform of Arabic graphics and the normalization of the spelling of the Crimean Tatar language were taken at scientific conferences at various levels in 1924-1927. The scientific novelty lies in the description of the reasons for the simplification of the Crimean Tatar Arabic alphabet and its main reforms, which are not reflected in the history of Crimean Tatar orthography. As a result of the research, the main reforms of the Crimean Tatar Arabic alphabet undertaken in the author's ABC books by I. Gasprinsky, Ya. N. Bayburtly, Sh. Bektor are identified and characterized. The main decisions on simplification of the Crimean Tatar Arabic alphabet adopted at the All-Crimean spelling conferences of the 20-30s of the 20th century are described.