Application of surface geophysical investigations and pumping test data analysis for better characterization of aquifer hydraulic parameters, Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Central Ethiopia

Upper Awash River Sub-basin in central Ethiopia The research aimed to estimate aquifer parameters and conduct resistivity modeling in the study area. Data were collected from 890 Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) points strategically distributed across six selected zones. The VES data were analyzed using computer modeling and curve-matching techniques to interpret the resistivity responses of the geological formations. This analysis provided insights into the subsurface characteristics and identified potential aquifer zones. The interpreted curves from the VES data and Root Mean Square (RMS%) values ranging from 0.36 % to 1.67 %, indicating a good fit between observed and modeled data. Resistivity modeling and geoelectrical sections were produced along specific lines, visualizing subsurface structures and confirming the resistivity responses of the geological formations. To determine aquifer parameters, the Dar-Zarrouk parameters were calculated from the interpreted curves, yielding crucial information about hydraulic properties such as hydraulic conductivity (K) and transmissivity (T). Hydraulic conductivity values ranged from 1.1 m/day to 21.7 m/day, while transmissivity values ranged from 144.3 m²/day to 2763.3 m²/day. Validation against borehole pumping test data showed strong correlations: R² = 0.9873 for transmissivity and transverse resistance, and R² = 0.9352 for hydraulic conductivity and resistivity. These findings enhance the understanding of the complex volcanic aquifer characteristics in the Upper Awash River Sub-basin, aiding sustainable groundwater management and development in the area.