Electromagnetic mixed convective flow of dusty hyperbolic tangent hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface: A quadratic regression analysis using RSM

This article investigates the flow dynamics of electrically conducting dusty hyperbolic tangent fluid over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat source effects. Moreover, the suspension of Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and Tantalum nanoparticles in engine oil as base fluid at 300 K is considered. The flow and thermal dynamics are analysed using Xue and Hamilton Crosser's thermal conductivity models. Moreover, using various ranges, the effect of the Richardson number on forced, mixed and natural convection is examined. The governing partial differential equations of the flow model are converted into ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver BVP4C along with the shooting technique in MATLAB. The Xue model enhances the heat transfer rate by 3.55% compared to the Hamilton Crosser model ϕ 1 = 0.03, ϕ 2 = 0.01, R = 0.1, Q = 0.6, β t = 0.2, β v = 0.07. A moderate adjustment to the Richardson number can reduce skin friction by 0.889% in the case of forced convection. The absence of dust particles enhances the thermal and momentum boundary layer thickness. Tantalum nanoparticles outperform Al 2 O 3 in terms of temperature and velocity. It is possible to regulate the temperature and velocity of the backflow by changing the heat source parameter and the nanoparticle volume percentage. The maximum achievable heat transfer rate in the fourth experimental run is 0.2609 when R = 2.5 and Q = 1.5 as determined by the quadratic regression analysis.