Thermal Runaway and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

As the cornerstone of new energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries pose significant safety concerns due to the risk of thermal runaway, which can lead to inoperability, fires, explosions, and the release of toxic and combustible gases. This paper examines the safety hazards associated with lithium-ion power batteries in new energy vehicles, focusing on the phenomenon of thermal runaway. Thermal runaway not only compromises vehicle functionality but also elevates the risk of fires and explosions, endangering human lives and property. Statistical analysis reveals that fire incidents during charging sessions account for approximately 26% of all cases, attributed to direct battery ignition, charging equipment malfunctions, and overcharging. Moreover, fires occurring while vehicles are parked represent a significant portion (about 13%) of incidents, particularly in climates with considerable day-to-night temperature variations, exacerbated by drivers' lack of safety awareness. The underlying cause of these safety issues is thermal runaway within the battery pack, which, upon reaching a critical threshold, triggers fires and other hazardous events. This study underscores the urgent need for enhanced safety measures and awareness to mitigate the risks posed by lithium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles.