Design and Application of an Electric Appliance for Measuring the Systolic and Diastolic Pressure

Blood pressure is one of the factors that can reflect human health and indicate any abnormalities of the cardiovascular system in the body.The balance between the contraction and relaxation phases refers to the stability of the system and determines a person's blood pressure status, where cardiac pumping supplies all tissues and organs with oxygenated blood.The heart cycle starts during its down halls (ventricles) is contracted.This effort causes blood to the lungs and all the body, this represented as systole.While during the ventricles fill with blood from the up halls of the heart (atria), this represented the diastole.This study aimed to design and implement a cost-effective system for determining the electrical activity of contraction and relaxation in a group of volunteers with different body specifications and artery sites and sizes.The proposed system can be used in educational and clinical training settings in developing countries where cost of commercial equipment and apparatus is a major obstacle.The volunteers were divided into four groups based on their ages as follows: 40-50, 30-40, 20-30, and 10-20 years old.Our proposed system consisted of sensors, processing unit, control unit, and display unit.The results of the study indicated clear changes in the contraction and relaxation pressures for the different groups according to certain criteria such as age, weight, gender, height, body mass index, chronic disease and pathological state, and medication.The average values of blood pressure for contraction and relaxation differed.On the basis of types of arteries, this study dealt with three types: brachial, radial, and posterior tibial arteries.The pressure from the brachial artery of the left arm was higher than that of the right arm.In the radial and posterior arteries, the results were approximately the same for all the age ranges.In abnormal cases such as diabetes mellitus, the pressure was higher than normal; however, the pressure was not affected for the asthma case.The temperature measurements referred to the increase in blood pressure during elevations in the body temperature.