Noninertial Driven Multifaceted Fluff and Halbach Array Hybrid Nanogenerator: Achieving Shore-Based Water Wave Energy Harvesting

Shore-based water wave energy is a clean and renewable energy source generated by waves crashing against the shoreline. This work presents a multifaceted fluff driven by a noninertial and Halbach array-based triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (FH-HG) designed to harvest wave energy. Compared to inertial drive systems that excite the entire device, the noninertial drive only needs to excite the driving plate part, directly converting the mechanical energy of the waves into electrical energy, thus reducing intermediate steps and energy losses. The multifaceted fluff integrates eight triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), significantly enhancing space utilization. Additionally, the Halbach array-based electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides counterweights on both sides of the multifaceted fluff TENG (F-TENG), further converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Experimental verification identified the parallel connection of TENG and EMG as optimal. Results show maximum volumetric power densities of 1.97 and 2.79 W/m3 for F-TENG and H-EMG, respectively. The polycarbonate (PC) fluff design and Halbach array structure enhance high-voltage output and abrasion resistance, compensating for EMG’s low-voltage drawbacks and making large-scale wave energy capture feasible. The high-performance FH-HG can power electronic devices and wireless systems for real-time marine environment monitoring and coastal city power supply, offering a promising solution for large-scale wave energy harvesting.