Theoretical assessment of chemically reactive bioconvective flow of hybrid nanofluid by a curved stretchable surface with heat generation

Bioconvection in hybrid nanofluids refers to the phenomenon where biological microorganisms such as algae or bacteria exhibit collective movement or pattern formation in a suspension containing nanoparticles. This phenomenon has significance in various fields, including biology, nanotechnology, and engineering. The current investigation emphasizes the bioconvective flow of a water (H2O)−ethylene glycol (C2H6O2)-based hybrid nanofluid flow by a curved stretched sheet. Copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles are suspended in the base fluid. The thermal field is analyzed in the presence of heat generation, dissipation, Joule heating, and the impact of thermal radiation. Binary reactions associated with Arrhenius energy are accounted in the modeling of mass concentration. The phenomenon of bioconvection is considered to regulate the random movement of tiny solid particles within the flow. Boundary layer constraints are implemented to eliminate ineffective terms from modeling. The transformation procedure is adopted to obtain the flow governing system of ODEs. The built-in code of Mathematica (NDSolve) is implemented to obtain the graphical and numerical results. The results show that the velocity field decreases with increasing porosity variable and Hartmann number. An opposite impression of the Eckert number and Schmidt variable on the thermal field is noticed. Bioconvection Peclet and Lewis numbers have a direct relationship with motile density.