Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and derivatives in the treatment of obesity - review

Abstract: Obesity is a chronic and insidious disease that represents a significant global. The World Health Organization has announced that almost 60% of European adults are overweight or obese. Complex hormonal and metabolic adaptations in obesity can prevent weight loss, despite changes in dietary and activity habits. Over the years, the number of anti-obesity drugs has been small and their efficacy has been inadequate, but powerful new drugs from the GLP-1 receptor agonists group have emerged. Studies indicate that drugs in the GLP-1 RA group can be effective in reducing weight in obese people both with and without diabetes. Several preparations are available on the market with varying efficacy and risk of side effects and new drugs are still being registered. Materials and Methods: Analysis of information on the treatment of obesity with GLP-1 receptor agonists using PubMed sources, including the epidemiology of obesity, types of GLP-1 RA drugs, their efficacy and safety. Aim: The aim of this publication was to gather the latest information on the treatment of obesity with GLP-1 receptor agonists. We wanted to present the epidemiology of obesity, the types of drugs, their efficacy and safety. Conclusions: Obesity is a significant problem in today's world and affects more than half of European adults. Drugs that are GLP-1 receptor agonists can effectively bridge the gap between behavioural strategies and bariatric surgery. Studies indicate that treatment with GLP-1 RAs can lead to significant weight loss in overweight and obese individuals compared to placebo, and tirzepatide appears to have the greatest efficacy. Keywords: obesity, weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonist, dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, semaglutide, tirzepatide.