COGMED: a database for Chinese olfactory and gustatory metaphor

In recent years, metaphors have been used to understand how abstract concepts are processed, and developing metaphorical database can aid this research agenda. Accordingly, the present study aimed to produce a broad Chinese olfactory and gustatory database of metaphors. Expressions for two sensory types (olfaction/gustation) were compiled and classified according to two conditions (metaphorical/literal) and three parts of speech (adjective/noun/verb). To test the validity of this database, we enrolled 199 participants, of whom 97 completed the olfactory test (319 items) and 102 completed the gustatory test (352 items). Each item was rated on seven dimensions: familiarity, meaningfulness, figurativeness, valence, difficulty, imageability, and naturalness. Descriptive statistics and reliability and correlation analyses were conducted for the items under the two sensory types, two conditions, three parts of speech, and seven dimensions mentioned above. The results showed high internal consistency and split-half reliability for the participants’ scores; the correlations between the seven dimensions resembled those of previous studies. We concluded by suggesting several ways the database might be applied to aid future research efforts.